DIESEL EXHAUST FLUID

2 Pump Solutions for DEF Applications DEF Market in North America Blackmer ® , the global leader in positive displacement sliding-vane pump technology for use in liquid-handling operations, recognizes the potential in the North American Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) market. To help its distributors and end-users realize that potential, Blackmer has developed a series of transfer pumps – the STX-DEF Series – specially designed for use in DEF-handling applications – from production to packaging to tank and container filling. Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is made by dissolving high-purity urea in de-ionized water at a ratio of 32.5% urea to 67.5% de-ionized water. Although it is non-toxic, DEF’s composition gives it a number of characteristics that must be taken into consideration when using or storing it. DEF: n Freezes below 12ºF (-11ºC) n Has no intermediate “slushiness” stage when freezing n Is stable at storage temperatures to 84ºF (29ºC) n Will evaporate and form crystallized urea when exposed to air, which can harm pump components. n Is slippery, which increases spill-safety concerns The components in DEF also make it incompatible with a number of materials that may be used in the automobile-fluid supply chain. The chart below lists materials that are compatible with DEF: DEF-Compatible Non-DEF-Compatible n Stainless Steel n Aluminum n Fluorocarbon n Bronze n PTFE n Carbon Steel n Composite Plastics n Copper (Polyurethane or PVC) n Iron n Nickel n Zinc Blackmer has taken all of these characteristics into consideration when developing its DEF- specific family of pumps and accessories. This makes them the obvious choice for optimizing flow performance, reducing costs, and increasing profitability in all DEF-handling applications. In 2000 and 2001, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced tougher emission-control standards for all on-highway vehicles. The standards were phased in over a three-year period from 2007 to 2010. Effective Jan. 1, 2010, all new on-road vehicles were required to meet a tailpipe emission standard of 0.2 grams of nitrogen oxide (NO x ) per brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr). This marked a huge reduction in the amount of NO x and particulate matter that vehicles could now legally emit into the atmosphere in the United States. Faced with these strict, new emission regulations, vehicle manufacturers, especially producers of diesel-powered vehicles, developed engines to meet the new standards while retaining maximum engine performance and fuel efficiency. Most diesel-engine manufacturers are now using a method called Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) to ensure their engines meet the stricter EPA regulations. The catalyst in SCR is Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF), a urea-based chemical reactant that, when introduced to the diesel-exhaust stream, turns potentially harmful nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions into harmless nitrogen and water vapor. DEF has created a new niche market in the nation’s motor- vehicle liquids marketplace. Though volume estimates vary, there is no question the demand for DEF will grow in future years, with some estimates putting total DEF consumption in the U.S. at more than 600 million gallons by 2015 (see chart). The increased use of DEF creates new opportunities for producers, suppliers, transporters, packagers and retailers of DEF, as well as for the companies that can offer pumping equipment to this new supply chain. That leaves Blackmer – with its array of DEF-specific flow solutions – well positioned to meet the demands of its distributors and end-users in the growing DEF marketplace. Source: Integer Research, KOST USA, www.DEFendal.com 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Millions of Gallons